Hair waving apparatus



HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet l n 7/ l I 2 W IN V EN TOR.

Pefer janfure/b.

A TTORNEYS.

June 4, 1935. P. SANTURELLO HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 I N V EN TOR Pefer Samurel/o BY M p June 4, 1935.

P. SANTURELLO HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 I N VEN TOR. Pefer Sanfurd/o.

A T TORN E YS.

June 4, 1935.

P. SANTURELLO HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 JNVENTOR. Pe/er Samure/b ATTORNEYS.

Patented June 4, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE Peter Santurello, Columbus Ohio Application January 29, 1934, Serial No. 708,903

14 Claims.

My invention relates to hair-waving apparatus. It has to do, more particularly, with apparatus for producing that type of wave in the hair which is commonly known in the art as a Croquinole wave which is formed by winding the hair spirally around a mandrel.

There have been several hair waving devices made and used in the past for producing waves of the type indicated which are formed by wind ing a strand of hair spirally around a mandrel in overlapping layers. However, all of such devices have possessed certain undesirable features. In the first place, there has been no adequate means provided in such prior art devices for preventing steam or condensed moisture, formed during the waving process, from reaching the scalp of the person upon whom the process is being performed. In the past, the devices which have been used for this purpose have embodied a protector clamp having a slot extending the entire length thereof and through which the strand of hair passes. The steam or condensed moisture has a tendency to flow down through this crack onto the scalp of. the patron and cause discomfort to the patron or even burning of the scalp.

Another disadvantage of prior art devices is due to the fact that most of such devices are complicated in structure and are difficult to apply to the hair. In all of these devices, it has been necessary to separate a rectangular strand of hair on the head and, consequently, grip a comparatively long rectangular strand between the clamping jaws of the clamp. It has been found that due to this, it has been difiicult to produce a wave in the hair close to the scalp, inasmuch as some of the strands of hair of the rectangular group will be gripped at points comparatively far from the scalp. Another disadvantage of prior art devices is due to the fact that such devices have usually included complicated gripping and locking devices diflicult to operate and having a tendency to come unlocked. The heating units employed with these prior art devices have also usually been complicated in structure. Other disadvantages have also been prevalent in prior art devices.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide hair waving apparatus of the type indicated which is very simple in structure and operation and. which can be easily applied to the hair in an efiective manner so that a suitable wave may be produced.

Another object of my invention is to provide apparatus of the type indicated embodying very efiective means for preventing steam or com densed moisture from reaching the scalp of the patron'which would cause injury or discomfort.

Another object of my invention is to provide apparatus of the type indicated embodying a locking means which is of such a-type that the wave may be produced in the hair evenat points comparatively close to the scalp.

Another object of my invention is to provide apparatus of the type indicated which is provided with hair gripping means of such a type that it may be easily applied to the hair and can be easily operated to grip the hair, said gripping means being provided with locking means which will maintain the gripping action on the hair.

Another object of my invention is to provide apparatus of the type indicated embodying a mandrel on which the hair may be wound and having means for tensioning the hair on the mandrel without discomfort to the patron.

Another object of my invention is to provide a novel heating unit of very simple construction which can be used with my hair waving device and which will effectively cooperate therewith.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description.

In its preferred form, my invention contemplates the provision of a protector member which is adapted to be disposed closely adjacent the scalp and which is provided with a novel type of gripping means for gripping a strand of hair close to the scalp. This protector means has a trough formed therein adapted to catch steam or condensed moisture formed during the waving process. A mandrel on which the hair is wound is adapted to be disposed above the protecting means and is provided with portions at each end which aid in precluding escape of moisture or steam from said trough. The mandrel is of such a type and so mounted on said protecting means that after the hair is wound thereon it may be tensioned so that a satisfactory wave will be produced. A'heater of special type is adapted to'be slipped over the mandrel and this heater is of such a type that it will cooperate with the protecting member in preventing escape of steam or moisture.

The preferred embodiment of my inventionis shown in the accompanying drawings wherein similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts and wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective view, with parts broken away, showing my hair wavingapparatus with my novel heater applied thereto.

I the device.

Figure 2 is a plan view of my hair waving apparatus.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section taken through the middle of the mandrel substantially along line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal. section taken through the protecting means substantially along line 44 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a transverse section taken substantially along line 5-5 of Figure 3 and illustrating how the portions of the heating unit cooperate with the trough memberof the protecting means in preventing escape of moisture or steam.

Figure 6 is a detail in perspective partly broken away and illustrating how the mandrel may be mounted on the protecting means in such a way that adjustments may be made'to permit rotation of the mandrel or to preclude rotation thereof in either direction.

Figure 7 is a detail partly in section illustrating how the mandrel may be mounted on the protecting means in such a manner that it may be completely removed therefrom when desired.

Figure 8 is a perspective view illustrating the device on which the hair is to be wound, the pad which is placed around the hair on the mandrel and my novel heater arranged in spaced disassembled relation.

Figure 9 is a view illustrating how the hair may be'wound on the mandrel of the device shown in preceding figures.

Figure 10 is a view illustrating how the gripping means for gripping the strand of hair close to the scalp may be operated.

Figure 11 is a View iilustrating how the mandrel may be turned to tension the hair after it is wound thereon.

Figure 12is a view illustrating the device after the hair has been wound andtensioned on the mandrel and showing how the pad which is saturated with waving fluid may be placed around the hair on the mandrel.

Figure 13 is a View showing the device after the pad has been wound around the mandrel.

Figure 14 is a perspective view showing my hair waving device after the hair has been wound thereon with my novel heating unit applied thereto. I I

Figure 15 is a transverse section taken substantially on line Iiiof Figure 14.

Figure 16 is a side elevation of a slightly modified form of my device, themandrel which will be mounted therein not being shown.

Figure 17 is a transverse section taken substantially on line l'iil of Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a longitudinal section of a portion of my device showing the mandrel thereof disposed within the housing provided therefor.

Figure 19 is a detail, partly in section, of the right hand end of the device illustrated inFigure 18.

Figure 20 is a detail showing how the mandrel may be extended from one end of the housing and showing how the stop member prevents complete removal of the mandrel from the housing.

Figure 21 is a perspectiveview, partly broken away, showing the mandrelin position in the housing with the hair wound thereon and showing the gripping means on the protecting means gripping the strand of hair and also illustrating diagrammatically how the heater is applied to Figure 22 is a perspeetive view illustrating how the protecting means and the heating unit may be combined into a single unit.

With reference to the drawings, and particularly to the Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, my invention is shown as preferably comprising a protecting member I which will be the portion of my apparatus closest to the scalp. This protecting member i is preferably made of some suitable material such as bakelite or wood which will not readily conduct heat. As previously stated, it is important that this member be of such a type as to prevent steam or condensed moisture, produced during the waving process, from reaching the scalp. The member I is comparatively long and is preferably slightly longer than the mandrel 2 which is mounted thereon in a suitable manner which will be later described in detail.

The member I is preferably substantially solid but has a removable portion 3 suitably fastened thereon which permits the placing of the operating mechanism for the hair gripping means in a chamber 4 formed in the lower surface of the member I. The member I has a longitudinally extending trough 5 formed in its upper surface and adapted to extend substantially the entire length thereof. As will be explained later, this trough is adapted to catch steam or moisture and retain it therein in order to prevent it from reaching the scalp.

The hair gripping means for gripping th hair close to the scalp will now be described in detail. This gripping means is of such a type that the strand of hair may be slipped therein at a point close to the scalp even after the free end of the strand is wound on the mandrel. It is also of such a type that the hair may be blocked off into substantially square bunches to form substantially square strands or-bunches, as distinguished from rectangular bunches formed when using prior art devices to produce waves of the spiral type, and-then gripped by the grippingmeans close to the scalp.

It will be apparent from Figures 1, 2 and 4 that an open ended slot 6 is formed in one side of the member I into which a strand of hair may be slipped. This slot extends into the side edge of the member I but its innermost point 7 is spaced a considerable distance from the center of the trough 5 formed in the member I. Thus, at the point I, there will be a lip 8 which will prevent fluid from running from the trough 5 at this point. The walls of this slot 6 are curved suitably in all directions outwardly as indicated at 9 in order to eliminate any sharp edges which might injure the hair.

Within the chamber 4, plate In is mounted and is adapted to slide back and forth therein. This plate is flat and has an open ended slot H formed in its outer end. This slot II 'is are ranged at right angles to the, slot 6. Onv the outer end of plate ill, two fingers l2 and I3 are produced by formation of the slot. The finger I2 is much longer than the finger 13, the latter being outermost and close to the outer edge of the protecting member i. The finger I2 is adapted to project over into the portion of the chamber 1 (Figure 4) which is at the right hand side of the slot 6 even When the plate in is adjusted over to the left as far as possible. Also, when this plate is adjusted into such position, the finger I3 willrnot project out into the slot 6. Thus, the strand of hair may 2 ad l slipped therei gage-11 rection, the plate I9 may be moved longitudione end of the mandrel 2. V and the lug [8 have corresponding holes through nally. As previouslystated, when in the position illustrated in Figure 4, the strand of hair may be slipped into the slot 6. Then, if the shaft I4 is rotated to move the plate In to the r right as far as possible; the strand of hair will be gripped firmly between the inner end of slot H and the right hand side of slot 6. Furthermore, because of the worm and gear structure, the plate H1 will be locked in any position to which it is' adjusted.

. her I is made of wood or bakelite, it preferably has'a metal bushing l9 inserted in the bifurcation of the lug. This bifurcated lug is adapted to receive an outwardly extending stub shaft 20 of substantially square cross-section disposed on The stub shaft 29 which a pin 2i may be extended in order that the mandrel 2 will be pivotally or hingedly mounted on the member I.

" The mandrel 2 is preferably of the shape shown, being of small cross-section at its middle portion and gradually increasing in crosssection towards its ends. Itpreferably has a knob or enlarged portion 22 formed on one end and a similar portion 23 on the other end. These portions 22 and'23 have the same curvature as the inner surface of the trough 5 in order to prevent leakage of fluid from the trough past these members when the mandrel is positioned over the trough. The upwardly extending lug l8 at the right hand end of the member I will, however, prevent escape of fluid from the trough at such end.

The shaft 2!] at the end of the mandrel has a cylindrical portion 2 1 formed on its inner end which is disposed in a socket 25 of cylindrical form produced in the end of the mandrel 2. This socket 25 is of slightly greater diameter than the portion 24 and is adapted to receive a coil spring 26 which is disposed therein in surrounding relation to the portion 24. One end of the spring 26 extends into an opening 21 formed in portion 24 but the other end of the spring is free. This spring serves as a clutch to permit rotation of the mandrel 2 in one direction, but to preclude rotation thereof in an opposite direction. Thus, as viewed from the left hand end of the mandrel in Figure 3, the mandrel will be permitted to rotate in a counterclockwise direction but rotation in a clockwise direction will be precluded. A removable cap 28 is fastened on the right hand end of mandrel 2 in order to keep the enlarged portion 24 in the socket 25.

In order to secure the free end of the strand of hair to the mandrel, I provide a member 29 which extends longitudinally of the mandrel and. which is swingable between operative and inoperative. positions. This member 29 has prongs 30. formed on one end which fit into radial slots formed in the member 22. Pivot 3| extends into member 22 and through suitable openings in the prongs 30. Thus, the member 29 is pivotally mounted on the mandrel soth at it may swing between inoperative position and operative position. This member 29 is of such a shape that it will extend part way around the mandrel when in its operative position, shown best in Figures 2 and 4. When in operative position, it embraces the mandrel and will grip a strand of hair if the free end is disposed between this member and the mandrel and the hair is then wound around this member and the mandrel. In order to maintain normally the member 29 in its operative position, I provide a spring 32 at the end of the mandrel where the member 29 is pivoted, which will exert a slight downward pressure in order to keep the member 29 in embracing relation to the mandrel. However, when desired, the resistance of this spring 32 may be overcome and the member 29 may be swung upwardly. The member 29 is further provided with a series of spaced openings 33 which will permit the waving fluid to reach the hair disposed therebeneath.

As previously stated, the mandrel 2 may be rotated only in a counter-clockwise direction relative to the portion 24 which extends into the socket 25. formed in the end of the mandrel. I preferably provide means which may be readily gripped by thefingers for rotating the mandrel in the said direction. This means comprises a key member 34 which is disposed at the end of the mandrel opposite to where it is pivotally connected to the member I. This key member 34 embodies a pin 35 extending into a socket 36 formed in the end of the mandrel. This pin has a slot 31 formed therein and extending longitudinally thereof a substantial distance. A pin 38 extends through this slot 31 and permits reciprocation of the pin 35 in its socket, but prevents the complete removal thereof. Also, it prevents rotation of pin 35 in the socket 36. The outer end of the pin has a transversely extending member 39 on its outer end which may be gripped in order to turn the mandrel. When the key is disposed in the mandrel, this member 39 will be disposed in a slot 49 formed inthe outer end thereof. This member 39 projects slightly from the ends of slot 40, as indicated at 4|, in order that the key may be readily withdrawn from the mandrel. It will be apparent that when the key 34 is not in use, it will be disposed wholly within the mandrel. However, when the key is to be used for rotating the mandrel, it may be withdrawn readily and firmly gripped, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 1. Withdrawn as far as possible, it will project out from the end of the mandrel a sufficient distance past the knob l5 so that the mandrel may be rotated without the knob l5 interfering with the fingers.

When using this device, it is preferable to separate the hair into a small substantially square bunch or strand. Because of the particular gripping means which I have provided, it is possible to grip such a strand close to the scalp and, consequently, the wave will be formed. even at the innermost portions of the hair. The free end of the strand of hair is' then placed When the key is beneath the gripping member 29, as illustrated particularly applicable to produce, the hair is Wound around the mandrel 2 spirally and in overlapping layers. As the hair is wound on the mandrel, the mandrel moves closer to the scalp andgduring this winding operation, the strand of hair is spread in the usual manner.

'When a point closely adjacent the scalp is reached, the member I is swung up into position below the mandrel, as indicated in Figure 10, and the strand of hair is brought closer together and slipped into the gripping means. The gripping means is oi such a type that even after the free end of the strand of hair is secured to the mandrel and the hair is Wound thereon, the portion of the strand close to the scalp may be slipped bodily thereinto. The gripping means is then operated by gripping the knob I5 with the fingers and causing movement of the plate Ill in order to grip firmly the. strand of hair. As previously stated, this gripping device is self-locking so that there will be no danger of the gripping means releasing its grip on the strand of hair.

In order to tension the hair on the mandrel so that it will be properly waved, the key 34 is pulled out of the mandrel and the mandrel is then rotated in a counter-clockwise direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 11 to cause tightening of the hair on the mandrel. Since the strand of hair will be gripped close to the scalp by the gripping means, there will be no danger of causing discomfort to the patron during tightening of the hair on the mandrel. Tightening of the hair on the mandrel also causes the mandrel to be held down firmly in position on the member I. The knobs 22 and 23 on the ends of the mandrel will be seated firmly in the trough 5 of member I so that there will be no danger of fluid running from the trough past these members. Thus, the mandrel will be held firmly in position on the member I merely by the pull ofthe hair.

After the hair is tensioned on the mandrel as described, a pad-42 (Figures 8 and 12) is placed around the mandrel. This pad 52 is of some suitable material and is adapted to be saturated with a waving fluid. One edge of this pad is provided with an open ended slot. This edge of the pad is stiffened by small strips 44 of metal or other suitable material. In placing the pad on the mandrel, the edge with the stifiening members therein is placed underneath the mandrel and above the member I, as shown in Figure 12. The slot 43 will extend around that portion of the hair passing downwardly from the mandrel through the gripping means, as shown in this figure. The pad may be wrapped around the mandrel, as shown in Figure 13, so that substantially all of the hair on the mandrel will be covered. The next step in the waving process will be to apply a heating unit 45 to my device.

This heating unit 45 is of novel and extremely simple construction. As shown in Figure 15,

it merely embodies an outer casing 46 and an inner casing '4! spaced apart and having a heating element 48 disposed in the space formed between these casings. As previously stated, the knobs 22 and 23 on opposite ends of the mandrel are of the same diameter. The inner casing 41 forms almost a complete circle, as shown in Figure 15, and is only slightly greater in diameter than the knobs 22. and 23. The lowermost edges of the casing 41 terend is slipped over the knob 22 and the heater is then moved longitudinally until properly positioned on the mandrel. Since the edges'49 terminate at the position indicated, it is necessary to slipthe heater on in this manner. When the heater is properly positioned on the mandrel, one end thereof will be closed by the knob. 23 and the other end by the knob 22. As shown in Figure 14, these knobs will completely fill up the space at the ends of the heater. Thus, the knobs 22 and 23 not only serve the purpose of preventing the fluid from running from the ends of the trough 5 formed in memher I but they also prevent escape of heat from the ends of the heater. As shown in Figure 15, the edges 49 of the inner casing 41 extend down. in overlapping relation to the upper edges of the trough. Thus, escape of heat and steam at these points will" be precluded. Due to the cooperation of the heater, mandrel and the member I, the heater unit, as well as the other members, may be made extremely simple and serve their purposes very effectively. I

In some instances, it may be desirableto have the mandrel mounted on member I in such a manner that the mandrel might be rotated in both directions. Thus, in Figure 6, I show a mandrel 59 of practically identical construction with the mandrel 2. The yoke 5|, which will project up from the end of a member identical with member I, has a "block 52 pivotally mounted therein. The end of the mandrel has a shaft or extension 53 extending through an opening formed in this block 52. The extension 53 is slidable longitudinally of the block. When in the position illustrated, the end of the extension 53 projects from the block as shown. This end has an annular groove 54 formed therein. A longitudinally extending slot 55 is iormed in the periphery of the extension 53 and the outer end of this slot communicates with the groove 54. The upper side of the block 52 has a pin 56 disposed therein which is adjustable up and down and which is normally held down by a spring 51. This pin normally extends down into the slot 55. The mandrel will be provided with a spring clutch of the type previously described for permitting rotation of mandrel 50 relative to the extension 53 1n one direction but precluding relative rotation n the opposite direction.

It W111 be apparent that with the parts in the position indicated in Figure 6, the mandre] may be rotated in one direction relative to the extension 53 in order to tighten the hair but will be precluded from rotating in the opposite direction. Bodily rotation of extension 53 in block 52 will be precluded because pin 56 extends into slot 55. However, if the extension 53 is moved longitudinally in block 52 in the direction of the arrow until the pin 56 projects down into the annular groove 54, the mandrel 55 together with extension 53 may be rotated in either direction since bodily rotation of the extension in the block in either direction will be permitted. This is desirable as it facilitates removal of the hair from the mandrel.

In Figure 7, I have shown a slightly different structure. In this figure, a block 52' is shown tion in block 'arrow.

which is similar. to block 52 .of. Figure 6 and mandrel is 'thusprovided'with aknob 69 Lation'e which is mounted on a member similar to member l in the same manner. However, the mandrel 50 in this instance has a square. extension 58 on its end. This extension projects into a square opening formed in the block 52.. When in position in the block, the extension projects slightly outwardly therefrom and has a groove 59 formed therein. A spring 8i! serves as a latch member by .projecting down into the groove 59 for keeping the extension 58 in posi- 52'. It will be apparent that block 52' is pivotally mounted and, consequently, mandrel 50 may be swung up and down. Also, the mandrel 50 may be completely. removed from the member corresponding to member l by raising the spring 60 to theposition indicated by the dotted lines. In this position, withdrawal of extension 58 from block 52 will be permitted if the mandrel 50 is moved longitudinally in the direction indicated bythe It will be understood that the mandrel 50 will be provided with a spring clutch as before which will permit rotation of mandrel 50 relative to extension 58 in one direction but will preclude relative rotation in an opposite direction when the extension 58 is in position in the block 52'. Thus, with this structure, the mandrel maybe completely removed from the protecting member.

Although I usually prefer to wind the hair on the mandrel first and then grip it near the scalp by applying the protecting member thereto, if the mandrel is made removable from the protecting member, I may first apply the protecting member and grip the hair close to the scalp, and then wind the hair on the mandrel and mount the mandrel on the protecting member.

Figures 1 6- to 21, inclusive, illustrate a modifled form of my hair waving apparatus. In this form, the member I and the gripping mechanism for gripping the hair adjacent the scalp are practically identical with that previously described. Also, the member I has a trough formed in its upper surface, as before. However, in this trough is disposed the lower portion of a housing 6|. This housing 6| is of circular cross-section and has substantially the same radius of curvature as that of the bottom of the trough 5. Thus, the housing 6| will fit nicely in the trough and can be held therein permanently in any suitable manner.

The housing 6! may be made of metal or other suitable material and is of cylindrical form, having its left hand end (Figure 18) open and its right hand end closed, as indicated at 62. This housing 6! is adapted to receive a mandrel 63 practically identical with the mandrel 2 previously described. This mandrel has a member 64for gripping the free end of the hair as before and its right hand end is mounted on a hub 65 of a disc 65/ A spring clutch 61, identical with that previously described, is provided for permitting rotation of mandrel B3 in one direction relative to hub 65 but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction relative to hub 65. The disc 65 is held in posi tion at the end of the mandrel by 'a collar member Hhwhich also serves as a knob, in such a manner as to permit rotation of the mandrel relative to this disc. The outer end of mandrel 63 is provided with a'knurled knob 68 by whichthe mandrel may be rotated in the said direction. It will be apparent that the The mandrel 63 is provided with a bore "ll r.

extending entirely therethrough. The hub 65; is provided with a similar bore, 12 which 'corresponds to bore H and is of the same diameter and is also provided with a bore.:'l3"oi..smaller diameter which communicates "therewith; A shaft hi is mounted in a 'centrallyndisposed opening of the closed end 62 of the housing and is heldnon-rotatable byia' pin 15 passing through an opening 16 in the end-ther'eofxand a corresponding opening 11 in the housing. When the mandrel is :in the position indicated in Figure 18, the shaft 14 will extend through the bores ll, 12 and 73. The bores :H '-:and 1112 are of substantially greater diameter than the shaft 74 in order that they may slide over a'stop member 18, larger in diameter than shafti'ld, formed on the outer end of the shaft. Thestop 13 may be removable, if desired. 1 .l x

It will be apparent that reciprocation-pf the mandrel 63 on the shaft 14 in 'andout 'ofthe housing Bl will be permitted. However,.;com?- plete' removal of mandrel 63 will be precluded by the stop 13 as indicated in Figure The disc 56 is provided with'a plurality'of projections 19 on its outer surface. Theseprojections are adapted to cooperate. w'ithcorresponding'sockets 80 formed in the closed 'en'd 'of the housing. When. the mandrel 63is in" the position illustrated in Figure 18, the projections 19 will extend into the sockets? 80; Thusfrota tion of plate 66 relative to the housing will be precluded. When the mandrel is in its innermost position in the housing, the plate'BGxwill be held stationary but it'will' impossible to rotate the mandrel relative to this plate in one direction only. When the mandrel isin'itsiin nermost position, the knob 69 completely closes the outer end of the housing and will. prevent escape of heat therefrom and of steam or fluid from the trough formed in the bottom 'of the housing. One-side of the housing 6! is provided with a slot 8| which extends substantially zthe entire lengththe'reof. This slot is disposed at that side-of the housing corresponding to the side of the member l' wherepthehairgripping and locking means is disposed, as indicatedin Figure 21. The left hand endof this'zslot 8|. is open and flared to permit the ready insertion of a strand of hair, as will be'describedzlatei.

In using this' device, the-mandrel is extended from the housing 6| as far as possible; "Then, the freexend of a strand of hair is slipped u'n derneath member'fi l and is clamped to the man drel; The'mandrel is then rotated bodilyl'in a counter-clockwise direction as before to wind the hair around the mandrel and member 64 spirally and in overlapping layers, as previously. de scribed. 'When a 'point close to the scalp'is reached, the mandrel is 'moved bodily into-the housing, but before this is doneta pad similar to pad 42 is wrapped around the mandrel.-In moving themandre'l'into the housing, the lower end. of the strand of hair is slipped intoslot'ii'l and will movetherethrough until the mandrel :is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction by means of the knob 68 and reverse direction thereof will beprecluded by the spring clutch. Tightening of thehair will also cause the man drel to be held firmly inthe housing. Since the hair will 'be gripped close to the scalp before the :tightening operation, there will be no discomfort caused to the patron by suchtightening operation.

Next, the heater is placed on this device. This heater may be of exactly the same structure as the heater 45 previously described. It is sslipped longitudinally over the housing and will cover the slot formed in the housing. It is necessaryithat the ends of the inner casing of the theater be only slightly greater in diameter than z'the diameter of the housing, in order that the ends -.of the heater will be closed. Thus, escape of heat will be precluded. The knob 69 prevents escape of steam or fluid from the trough formed in the bottom of housing -6l and theclosed .opposite endof the housing prevents escape at that end. It' will be apparent that, in this instance, also, the lower edges of the inner casing of the heater extend down into trough Sand will aid in preventing escape of heat at :thesepoints. In removing the hair, it will be necessary only to release the grip on the lower end .of the strand of hair; slip the mandrel 83 out of the housing to its outermost position, and then unwind the hair therefrom.

Figure .22 shows apparatus which is similar in substantially every respect to that just described, except that the protecting member, the housing for the mandrel and the heater are all made in a single unit. This unit 83 may be made of any suitable material and the upper portion forms the heating unit. The heating unit has an innerand outer casing with the space formed therebetween closed at all its edges and having a heating element 84 disposed therein. The mandrel '85 is identical'with that previously described and may be moved into and out of the unit 83 in the manner previously described. A slot 86 is provided in the unit 83 for the same purpose for which slot 8| of the device previously described is provided. 'A member 81 is provided which is adapted to receive the plug of an electrical wire adapted to supply the current to the heating element. By making the heating unit and the other parts of my apparatus in a single unit in this manner, a neat appearing and easily operable structure is provided. In this instance, :also, there will be no danger of steam or condensed'vapor reaching the scalp of the patron.

It will be apparent from the preceding description that I'have provided hair waving apparatushaving many desirable features. With my apparatus, there is no chance of steam or condensed vaporreaching the scalp of the patron and causing discomfort or injury. Another advantageous feature of my invention is its simple construction. It-may be made cheaply and, due to its simplicity, it can be readily applied to the hair.

Another advantage of my invention resides in the particular hair gripping means which I have provided for gripping the hair close to the scalp. This gripping means is self-locking and can be readily operated. Also, this locking means is of such a type'that-square bunches of hair may be separated and gripped thereby, rather than rectangular bunches as .used with prior art devices. This makes it possible to produce the .be cheaply made.

Still another advantage lies in the particular 'type of "heating unit which I have devised. This heating unit is very simple in structure and can It is made in a single section and differs from prior art heaters embodying two sections hinged together and having springs for maintaining the sections in clamping relation to the mandrel. Thus, my heater is much more simple than the prior art type. It can be readily applied to the hair waving device and effectively cooperates therewith in various ways previously mentioned. Many other advantages will be readily apparent.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A hair waving device comprising a protecting member, a housing on said protecting memher, a mandrel'mounted on said protecting member, said mandrel being adjustable from a position inside of said housing longitudinally of the housing to a position outside of said housing.

2. A hair waving device comprising a mandrel, a housing for said mandrel, said housing having one end open, said ,mandrel being adjustable from a position within said housing longitudinally of the housing to a position where it extends from the end of said housing, said mandrel having means thereon for closing the open end of said housing.

3. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, said protecting member having an open-ended slot formed in one edge .thereof which is adapted to receive a strand of hair, a plate member adjustable back and forth across said slot to retain a-strand of hair therein or to permit removal of the strand therefrom, worm and gear mechanism for adjusting. said plate and looking it in position, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel having one end pivoted to said protecting member and being swingable between operative and inoperative positions, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative position and which will prevent passage of liquid or vapor by! the knob from the trough, means in said mandrel for securing the free end of a strand of hair thereto, means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction, a heating unit made up in a single unit and having a chamber for receiving said mandrel, said heating unit being slidable longitudinallyover said mandrel and having portions which extend into said trough and overlap the bottom thereof, the knob on said mandrel being also provided for closing an open end of the chamber in said heater to prevent escape of heat or fluid therefrom.

4. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a protectingmember having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, said protecting member having an open-ended slot formed therein which is adapted to receive a strand of hair, a member adjustable into. a position where it will retain the hair'in saidslot or into a position where it will permit removal thereof, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel having one end pivoted to said protecting member and being swingable between operative and inoperative positions, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative position and which will prevent passage of liquid or vapor by the knob from the trough, means in said mandrel for securing. the free end of a strand of hair thereto,- means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction, a heating unit made up in a single unit and having a chamber for receiving said mandrel, said heating unit being slidable longitudinally over said mandrel and having portions which extend into said trough and overlap the bottom thereof, the knob on said mandrel being also provided for closing an open end of the chamber in said heater to prevent escape of heat or fluid therefrom.

5. Apparatus for waving hair comprising at protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escapev of liquid or vapor therethrough, means on said protecting member for gripping a strand of hair ata point close to the scalp, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel havingone end pivoted to said protecting member and being swingable between operative and inoperative positions, said mandrel having a knob theron which fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative position and which will prevent passage of liquid or vapor 'bythe knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of "a strand of hair thereto, means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof 7 in an opposite direction, a heating unit made up in a single unit and having a chamber for receiving said mandrel, said heating unit being slidable longitudinally over said mandrel and having portions which extend into said trough and overlap the bottom thereof, the knob on said mandrel being also provided for closing an open end of the chamber in said heater to prevent escape of heat or fluid therefrom. 7

6. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, said protecting member having an open-ended slot formed in one edge thereof which is adapted to receive a strand of hair, a plate member adjustable back and forth across said slot to retain a strand of hair thereon or to permit removal of the strand therefrom, worm and gear mechanism for adjusting said plate and looking it in position, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel being fastened to said protecting member but being adjustable between operative and inoperative positions, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative position and which will prevent passage of liquid or vapor by the knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a strand of hair thereto, means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction, a heating unit made up'in a single unit and having .a chamber for receiving said mandrel, said heating unit being slidable longitudinally over said mandrel, the knob on said mandrel being also provided for closing an open end of the chambar in said heater to prevent escape of heat or fluid therefrom.

'7. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a protective member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, means on said protecting member for gripping a strand of hair at a point close to the scalp, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel being fastened to said protecting member but being adjustable between operative and inoperative positions, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative position and which will prevent passage of liquid or vapor by the knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the. free end of a strand of hair thereto, means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one di rection but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction, a heating unit made up ina single unit and having a chamber for receiving said mandrel, said heating unit being slidable longitudinally over said mandrel, a'knob on said mandrel being also for closing an open end of the chamber in said heater to prevent escape of heat or fluid therefrom.

8. Apparatus. for waving hair comprising a protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, means on said protecting member for gripping a strand of hair at a point close to th scalp, a mandrel mounted on said protecting member, said mandrel being fastened to said protecting member but being adjustable longitudinally thereof into and out of said trough, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is disposed therein and which will prevent passage of fluid by the knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a strand of hair thereto, means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for preeluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction, a heating unit for covering said mandrel and the trough in said protecting member, the knob on said mandrel being also provided for closing an open end of the heater to prevent escape of heat or fluid therefrom.

9. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, said protecting member having an open-ended slot formed in one edge thereof which is adapted to receive a strand of hair, a plate member adjustable back and forth across said slot to retain a strand of hair thereon or to permit removal of the strand therefrom, worm and gear mechanism for adjusting said plate and locking it in position, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel having one end pivoted to said protecting member and being swingable between operative and inoperative positions, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative continuous position and which'will prevent passage of liquid or vapor by the knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a strand of hair thereto and means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction.

10. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, said protecting member having an open-ended slot formed thereon which is adapted to receive a strand of hair, a member adjustable into a position where it will retain the hair in said slot or into a position where it will permit removal thereof, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel having one end pivoted to said protecting member and being swingable between operative and inoperative positions,

said mandrel having a knob thereon which,

fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative position and which will prevent passage of liquid or vapor by the knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a strand of hair thereto and means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction.

11. Apparatus for waving hair comprising a protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, means on said protecting member for gripping a strand'of hair at a point close to the scalp, a mandrel mounted on the upper side of said protecting member, said mandrel having one end pivoted to said protecting member and being swingable between operative and inoperative positions, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is in operative position and which will prevent passage of liquid or vapor by the knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a strand of hair thereto and means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction.

12. Apparatus for waving hair comprising at protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or Vapor therethrough, means on said protecting member for gripping a strand of hair at a point close to the scalp, a mandrel mounted on said protecting member, said mandrel being fastened to said protecting member but being adjustable longitudinally thereof into and out of said trough, said mandrel having a knob thereon which fits into said trough when the mandrel is disposed therein and which will prevent passage of fluid by the knob from the trough, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a strand of hair thereto and means for permitting rotation of said mandrel on said protecting member in one direction but for precluding rotation thereof in an opposite direction.

13. In apparatus for waving hair, a protecting member having'a trough formed in its upper sur-. face with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, said protecting member having an open-ended slot formed in one edge thereof which is adapted to receive a strand of hair, a plate member adjustable back and forth across said slot to retain a strand of hair therein, or to permit removal of the strand therefrom and worm and gear mechanism for adjusting said plate and for locking it in position.

- 14. In apparatus for waving hair, a protecting member having a trough formed in its upper surface with the bottom of said trough continuous so as to prevent escape of liquid or vapor therethrough, said protecting member having an open-ended slot formed in one edge thereof which is adapted to receive a strand of hair and a member adjustable into a position where it will retain the hair in said slot or'into a position Where it Will permit removal thereof.

PETER SANTURELLO. 

